This suppresses “ does not exist” errors that might otherwise be reported. IF EXISTS commands to drop objects in -clean mode. Routine dumps made for backup purposes should not use this option. Use the specified value of extra_float_digits when dumping floating-point data, instead of the maximum available precision. When using wildcards, be careful to quote the pattern if needed to prevent shell wildcard expansion. The pattern parameter is interpreted as a pattern according to the same rules used by psql's \d commands (see Patterns), so multiple databases can also be excluded by writing wildcard characters in the pattern. ![]() Multiple patterns can be excluded by writing multiple -exclude-database switches. exclude-database= patternĭo not dump databases whose name matches pattern. So, you should also specify a superuser name with -S, or preferably be careful to start the resulting script as a superuser. Presently, the commands emitted for -disable-triggers must be done as superuser. Use this if you have referential integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you do not want to invoke during data restore. It instructs pg_dumpall to include commands to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while the data is restored. ![]() This option is relevant only when creating a data-only dump. This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies, and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax. This will make restoration very slow it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into non- PostgreSQL databases. column-insertsĭump data as INSERT commands with explicit column names ( INSERT INTO table ( column. ![]() The behavior of the option may change in future releases without notice. Its use for other purposes is not recommended or supported. This option is for use by in-place upgrade utilities. Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands). The option is also passed down to pg_dump. Repeating the option causes additional debug-level messages to appear on standard error. This will cause pg_dumpall to output start/stop times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error. (Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the resulting script as superuser.) -tĭump only tablespaces, no databases or roles. This is relevant only if -disable-triggers is used. Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers. sĭump only the object definitions (schema), not data. rĭump only roles, no databases or tablespaces. To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give that user ownership of all the objects, specify -O. These statements will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser (or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script). By default, pg_dumpall issues ALTER OWNER or SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION statements to set ownership of created schema elements. Oĭo not output commands to set ownership of objects to match the original database. gĭump only global objects (roles and tablespaces), no databases. If this is omitted, the standard output is used. (Another way to get the same result is to set the PGCLIENTENCODING environment variable to the desired dump encoding.) -f filename By default, the dump is created in the database encoding. E encodingĬreate the dump in the specified character set encoding. If any of the objects do not exist in the destination cluster, ignorable error messages will be reported during restore, unless -if-exists is also specified. This option is useful when the restore is to overwrite an existing cluster. cĮmit SQL commands to DROP all the dumped databases, roles, and tablespaces before recreating them. See Section 34.16 for more information.ĭump only the data, not the schema (data definitions). It is convenient to have a ~/.pgpass file in such cases. If you use password authentication it will ask for a password each time. Pg_dumpall needs to connect several times to the PostgreSQL server (once per database). Use the -f/ -file option or shell operators to redirect it into a file. ![]() The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Also you will need superuser privileges to execute the saved script in order to be allowed to add roles and create databases. Since pg_dumpall reads tables from all databases you will most likely have to connect as a database superuser in order to produce a complete dump. pg_dumpall also dumps global objects that are common to all databases, namely database roles, tablespaces, and privilege grants for configuration parameters. It does this by calling pg_dump for each database in the cluster. The script file contains SQL commands that can be used as input to psql to restore the databases. Pg_dumpall is a utility for writing out ( “ dumping”) all PostgreSQL databases of a cluster into one script file.
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![]() The app has taken the digital art world by storm with its many different functions, versatile interface and 3D painting abilities (it's actually compatible with Zbrush, Blendr and others). The likelihood is that you've already heard about Procreate. Download Procreate from the App Store for $9.99/£8.99.Procreate is great for drawing, and has new 3D tools (Image credit: Glen Southern) Otherwise, scroll on for the apps themselves. If you need an Apple Pencil in order to use drawing apps for iPad, see the best current prices below. And if you'd prefer to create digital art on a desktop, see our pick of the best digital art software. If you're just starting out, see our guide on how to draw to make the most of your tablet. If you're looking for more apps, not only for drawing, also see our guide to the best iPad Pro apps for Apple Pencil. We've aimed to include the best drawing apps for iPad for people of different levels, from beginners to pros, so you should find an option for you. We've also taken on board recommendations from artists. We've looked for apps that offer versatility, handy features and a smooth overall experience with either Apple Pencil 1 or 2. There are lots of great drawing apps for iPad to help you get the most out of the device, but below we've picked out our own selection of the best based on our hands-on experience testing them. The iPad's touchscreen is a great canvas for digital art, and the experience is particularly good with the Apple Pencil 2. The best drawing apps for iPad can let you express your creativity at any time in any place. ![]() PRO AM (SIMONIS EQUIV) PR#19-9006 (SPECIAL ORDER)ī-110 Chalk National Blue or Green (Dozen. All tables are made with high-quality materials and designed to fit into your modern home with customizable finishes and color options. Contact us today if you have any questions about our complete range of pool table accessories.WE CARRY A SUPERIOR SELECTION OF PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR ALL TYPES OF POOL TABLES WHETHER ANTIQUE OR RELATIVELY NEW AND CAN ASSIST YOU WITH REPAIR OR REFURBISH WORK Pool Hall '50 A Game' Double-Sided Marquee LED Sign, Large 25' Battery Operated Arrow Shaped Off The Wall Sign, Vintage Inspired Retro Decor For The Home, Man Cave, Game Room, Billiards Room, Bedroom, Garage, Or Bar. Shop our collection of modern and contemporary pool tables with clean lines and elegant finishes that are perfect for making a statement in your billiards room. At Ozone Billiards, we bring over 20 years of family dedicated expertise, passion, and experience to every level of what we do, from supplying the largest selection of pool table and billiards supplies or our excellent customer service. You'll find tally bottles and tally balls, billiards scoreboards and, scoring beads, pool table lights, pool table parts, and even replacement pool table felt, all at budget-friendly, competitive prices. Personalized Billiards Sign Basement Bar & Lounge Last Name Pool Hall Table Modern Farmhouse Wall Decor Rustic Vintage Wall Art Canvas Art shayanne usman. ![]() Last but never least, for those dreaming of the ultimate pool-table ambiance, we also provide excellent accessories for a perfect décor and mood. Shop Triangle Billiards for the best selection of Modern Pool Cue Racks & Stick Holders. Pool Room Decor Billiard Table Billiards Decor Pool Table Wall Art Pool Table Art Pool Table Room Decor Pool Player Gifts Pool Table Decor (2.6k) 13.50. Next to prolonging your pool table, you will no doubt be seeking storage solutions for all of your favorite accessories, and we've got you covered there too. Ac-Cue-Rate Billiards, Billiard Equipment & Supplies, Pelham, NH. Add a modern flare to your game room with this cue rack. Pool Table Felt Cleaners, microfiber towels, a quick-clean microfiber wipe, and felt savers by Cue Candy. Ac-Cue-Rate Billiards 87 Bridge Street Pelham, NH 03076 (603) 635-2333. Display your billiard accessories in style with the Aria Cue Rack from Legacy Billiards.If you need a modern pool table for you game room or ingenious solution we can help. Speaking of keeping your pool table in perfect condition, you'll find our pool table accessories will help you do so easily and quickly at the best prices available online today. We specialize in new and used pool tables, billiards accessories, dart. Are you looking for ways to preserve and maintain your beautiful pool table? Keeping a fitted cover on the cloth helps prolong its life by blocking light that can eventually damage the surface while simultaneously keeping it free of dust. If your pool table is brand new, one of the pool table accessories you must have, of course, is the pool balls and pool ball racks themselves. For a quick and easy solution to uneven tables, a few simple wood pool shims placed can help lift the slate and get your table back into the correct position. If you own an heirloom table, occasionally the wood warps, and the table becomes less level over time. ![]() Having the right accessories, too, can promote a better gaming experience for you or guests. Maintaining your gorgeous new pool table allows you to partake in your favorite game for decades to come. ![]() Jumping Spider - 9 columns on the tableau with 4 cards each & every other card face up.Huge Spider - 4 deck version of the game.Big Spider - 3 deck version of the game.Beetle - cards on the tableau can only be moved 1 card at a time.4 Suits Spider - game which offers a 4 suits option & allows you to record your high score.2 Suits Spider - game which offers a 2 suits option & allows you to record your high score.1 Suit Spider - game which offers only a single suit option & allows you to record your high score.We also offer multiple other versions of Spider Solitaire where you can submit your score to the high score board and see how well you rank among millions of players around the world! More Free Online Spider Solitaire Games Whether you’re a seasoned player or new to the world of solitaire, these games are sure to keep you engaged and entertained for hours.This game saves your high score on your local computer. Each game presents its own set of challenges and entertainment, allowing you to enjoy solitaire in various ways. With this array of solitaire options, you can keep your card-playing experience exciting and diverse. The undo button is a useful tool for correcting mistakes and trying different strategies. It’s important to try to move cards around to different tableau piles to create more spaces and increase your chances of winning. Focusing too much on one tableau pile.As mentioned earlier, creating spaces is important for giving you more options for moving cards around. Not creating spaces in the tableau piles.This will limit your options for moving cards around and can lead to dead ends. Moving cards to tableau piles that are already full.When playing Spider Solitaire 2 suits, there are some common mistakes that players make. Spider Solitaire 2 suits can be a challenging game, but with practice and patience, you can improve your skills and win more games. This will give you more options for moving cards around and will increase your chances of winning. Focus on creating foundation piles early in the game.Use the undo button to go back and try a different move. Sometimes a move that seems good at the time can lead to a dead end. Don’t be afraid to use the undo button.This will make it easier to move cards around and create spaces. Try to keep the number of cards in each tableau pile as low as possible.This will give you more options for moving cards around. Always try to create spaces in the tableau piles by moving cards to the foundation piles or to other tableau piles.Here are some tips and tricks to help you win at Spider Solitaire 2 suits: Once the stock pile is empty, you can click on the empty space to turn over the waste pile and use it as a new stock pile. You can go through the stock pile as many times as you like.Once you have drawn a card, you can either move it to a tableau pile or to a foundation pile.You can use the stock pile to draw one card at a time.You can move any card to an existing foundation pile as long as the card being moved is of the same suit and has a value one greater than the card at the top of the foundation pile.Once an Ace is moved to the foundation pile, you can start building that foundation pile by placing cards of the same suit in descending order. You can move an Ace to the foundation pile.You can move any card or group of cards to an empty tableau pile.You can move a group of cards from one tableau pile to another tableau pile if the group being moved is of a different color and has a value that is one less than the card it is being placed on.You can move any card from the tableau pile to another tableau pile if the card being moved is of a different color and has a value one less than the card it is being placed on.Here are the steps to play the game: Moving Cards The objective is to create 8 foundation piles, each containing a complete suit of cards in descending order from King to Ace. The game play in Spider Solitaire 2 suits is similar to the original version of Spider Solitaire. Turn the top card of the stock pile face up.Deal 5 cards face down in a pile to the side.Deal 1 more card face down on each tableau pile.Deal 1 card face up on each tableau pile.Deal 10 piles of cards, each containing 5 cards face down.Shuffle the two decks of cards together.The game is played with 104 cards, which includes all the cards from two decks, except for the jokers. To play Spider Solitaire 2 suits, you will need two decks of cards. In this guide, we will walk you through how to play Spider Solitaire with 2 suits. The goal of the game is to create stacks of cards in descending order from King to Ace. It’s a challenging game that requires strategy and patience. Spider Solitaire is a classic card game that is popular around the world. Spider Solitaire 2 Suits – How to Play?. Once the crisis is averted, Twilight is pleased to see her friends getting along again, and the three get down to genuinely enjoying the night together.Īs morning comes, Twilight prepares to report to Celestia that she's learned how two ponies who seem to have nothing in common can still be good friends. Applejack is quick to try and pull it away, but her reckless roping brings it crashing through the window of Twilight's tree house instead! With the storm outside worsening and a neurotic (and likely concussed) Twilight freaking out over whether or not a tree coming through the window fits into the slumber party itinerary, Applejack and Rarity are forced to set aside their differences in order to shift the fallen tree. Turns out there is, as lightning strikes the top of a nearby tree, threatening to bring it down on a neighboring house. I mean, is there anything else that could possibly go wrong?! Twilight: I hope you're happy, both of you! You've ruined my very first slumber party! The makeover, the s'mores, truth or dare, the pillow fight. Twilight finally decides she's had enough, especially when the two argue over who's been trying harder to get along. ![]() Unfortunately, Applejack and Rarity are forced to share a bed, and are so tense they even have to fight over the blanket and whether or not one should make the bed before sleeping in it. After Twilight is literally caught in the crossfire of a nasty pillow fight, she gives up and convinces the two to call it a night. The two take the next event, "truth or dare", as an excuse to dare each other to do things they hate, with Rarity being dared to stand in the rain and let her mane get all wet, and Applejack being dared to put on a frilly party dress. S'mores are up next, but Rarity's perfectionism once again clashes with the more laid-back Applejack. Next up is ghost stories, and when Applejack and Rarity use it as an excuse to snipe at one another (with Applejack's "terrifying tale of the prissy ghost" and Rarity's "horrifying story of the messy, inconsiderate ghost"), Twilight decides to show them how it's done by regaling them with "The Legend of the Headless Horse". Rarity: Fortunately, I can get along with anypony, no matter how rude she may be.Īpplejack: Oh yeah? Well, I'm the get-alongingest pony you're ever gonna meet! Still, she goes along with it in order to make Twilight happy, despite rising tension with Rarity. ![]() Applejack is baffled as to why Rarity is reluctant to get her hooves dirty, but is willing to mess around with mud-masks, and thinks the "cucumbers over the eyes" thing is a waste of perfectly good food. Since Spike is out of town on "official business", Twilight decides to turn the event into a slumber party, despite Applejack and Rarity's reluctance to spend any more time with each other.įirst up on the agenda (according to Twilight's book on slumber parties) is make-overs. They try to head home and cool their heels after the argument escalates, but the storm hits suddenly, forcing them to take shelter with Twilight Sparkle in Ponyville's library. Thanks to a weather scheduling mix-up, there's a big thunderstorm coming to Ponyville, but Applejack and Rarity are distracted from their work preparing by arguing over whether to secure loose branches to the trees or just pull them down. ![]() ![]() We reserve the right to determine what is acceptable to our audience and may decline content at any time. * All uploaded images will be manually approved by a HDWS moderator before being published live. You must be the copyright owner of the image.Featured: If accepted, your image will be used for the HDWS website banner and Facebook cover photo.We forward (85%) of each sale through PayPal. Once purchased, users will have the right to use your image for both personal and commercial projects. Users may only download your image once we have successfully received their payment. Market: Your image will be published with a pricetag.Users may use your image for both personal and commercial projects. Free: Your image will be published as royalty-free.Get featured on the HDWallSource website by publishing your images to our free or market sections! We ask that you please take the time to understand the difference of each section and our submission guidelines. 950x1689px Actress Margot Robbie Blonde 2020 hoot Ultra Mobile.1200x1798px Margot Robbie's Feet 1922x800px The Wolf Of Wall Street HD wallpaper.855x1068px Margot Robbie : gentlemanboners, margot robbie mobile HD phone wallpaper.750x1334px Wolf Of Wall Street Lamborghini, android wolf of wallstreet HD phone wallpaper. ![]()
![]() Like that girl in the TV show about troubled teens." "We were going for that rumpled look that's in all the magazines. "We gave her a home perm and a few highlights." Lori was unable to pull her gaze from Sam's frizzled head. That's when Samantha realized it was even worse than she had feared. "What happened?" He did not laugh, did not make a joke. The dirty bandage cupped on his chin, dangling on one end, exaggerated his open mouth. It was the same expression as Lori's, one of shocked disbelief. "Don't you dare say anything," Lori warned. Then he pulled up short, gripped the doorknob, and pulled himself back. I'm." Jason stopped midsentence as he glided past her door. Then came the sliding hum of the skates on the carpet after he reached the landing. "Please, Lori." The unmistakable clumping thud of Jason's roller blades on the steps seemed to rattle the entire house. "We're upstairs in my room," Sam shouted. "Anyone home?" It was Jason, Sam's ten-year-old brother. It just seemed logical, to perm and highlight together. "Maybe we shouldn't have done it right after the perm. You told me that's how long you left it on, and your hair looks great. ![]() Panic began to rise in Samantha's throat. "But it said to leave the highlighter on for forty-five minutes, didn't it?" Lori's eyes remained wide and fixed as she hid the hand mirror behind her back. "Lori," Samantha began, reaching up to touch her own hair. ![]() Samantha McKenna knew the moment she looked at her best friend's face that something had gone wrong. ![]() If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit.The most common causes of this issue are: ![]() But I want to know if I'm alone in this.Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. And I expect they will level their wrath at me. So I suspect I'm going to rile up some real Star Trek super fans. (I do like the later Chris Pine as Captain Kirk movies. I remember thinking every time I saw that: "Really? Why would they have explosively charged springboards all over the bridge?" They were just DUMB. ![]() In the movies, when the ship got hit with weapons, crew members invariably went flying all over the bridge. And that, indeed, most of Star Trek is really dumb. And I came to the realization that Star Trek: Discovery is NOT smart. I think of The Expanse as really smart Sci Fi. I say this as a HUGE fan of The Expanse, on Prime. And while the original series had some good episodes (City on the Edge of Forever)-mostly, it was just dumb, too. And as I watched more Discovery episodes, I thought, this is really, really dumb. A spore drive navigated by a giant tardigrade? Please. But a spore drive? C'mon! That makes NO SENSE. I realize (and have argued before on CD) that when it comes to Sci Fi, you often have to suspend disbelief, It is, after all, Sci Fi. So, YEAH! Wait, not yeah.Ī "spore" drive? Really? I thought to myself, that's just DUMB. So, CBS finally started showing Discovery on the regular CBS channel. Of late, I really wanted to watch Discovery (primarily because I'm smitten with Michelle Yeoh) but I refused to pay extra for CBS All Access. I watched DS9 and Voyager intermittently as I found myself with less and less time to watch TV. To the point that I had 99% of the episodes recorded (off the air) in beta video tape (from the 80s). I was a HUGE fan of Star Trek, the original series. Okay, I'm really not trying to start a fight here. Modules with known eventlet monkey patching issues were imported prior to eventlet monkey patching: urllib3. Please don’t forget to share this post and use the comment box if you encounter any error during the process.I was following the product documentation "" after the nova installation is complete on my controller and compute node Iam seeing the " no such table: cell_mappings" while verifying the installation executing the command "nova-status upgrade check". We hope you now have Google Play Store running on your Huawei phone now without any issues. Just register your device with your Google ID and then you can start downloading any Apps like Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp via the Play Store, YouTube, Google Chrome Browser and enjoy all the automatic updates as well. Press Activate and ignore anything you see on the menu screen. Step 12: Once you are through with the installation, launch the LZPlay app on your device. Step 11: Ensure you install all the apps one by one and permits them. Step 10: You can now move over to over to your Huawei device and using the file manager app, install the six Apps you downloaded from step 2. Good, the LZPLAY installation has been completed. A password prompt will appear, just enter a12345678 as the password. Step 9: Now download and extract the LZPlay app on your PC. Step 8: As soon as it’s connected, you should see the HiSuite screen appear on your PC. Step 7: Wait for some time while your device connects to the PC via the HiSuite. Step 6: Now select Allow HiSuite to use the HDB option. Step 5: After that, moved over to Settings and search for HDB. Step 4: After installing those Apps on Step 1 and 2, connect your Huawei phone to your PC via USB cable and set it to File Transfer Mode. Step 3: As you can see, you need a PC to run through the process. Step 2: Download the Lazy App and Google Apps from here.Īlso Read How to Take Screenshot on Samsung Galaxy F22 Step 1: Download Huawei HiSuite on your PC. But below, we will be showing you go to get that service back on your device. Install Google Play Store or GMS on Huawei Nova 7i Via Google services frameworkĭo you know the main reason you are unable to get Google Play Store on your Huawei phone? It’s because there is no Google services framework. Step 2: After running the app, tap Detect Device then Repair Now and finally Activate. Step 1: Download and install the app HERE. How to Install Google Play Store on Huawei Nova 7 5G Via Chat Partner app Step 7: Preferable install the Google Play Services before installing the Google Playstore. ![]() Step 6: You can now find Google Playstore and install it. Step 5: Just tap the Red Button and accept the terms and give all the permissions. Step 4: After that, you will have to install the Google Services Framework device. Step 3: Now locate the APK files you just downloaded and install them by following the on-screen instructions. Step 2: Enable Unknown Sources from Huawei settings. Step 1: Download Google Installer APK HERE and Google Play Store APK HERE. Method 3: How to Install Google Play Store on Huawei Nova 7 SE Via Google Installer Step 7: Install the Google Play Store APK on your Huawei Nova 7 SE phone and then log in and enjoy downloading apps from Google Playstore. Step 6: After that, download the Google Play Store APK file from HERE.Īlso Read How to Clear Cache on Samsung Galaxy S20, S20 Ultra 5G, & S20 Plus Step 5: Here you will need to download and install GSM installer HERE. Step 4: Tap on Security, then tap on “ Enable Installation from Unknown Sources”. Step 1: Go to the Huawei Nova 7 Pro app drawer. ![]() ![]() How to Install Google Play Store on Huawei Nova 7 Pro Via GSM Installer Step 10: Here you will need to log in with your Google Account or your cab create one if you don’t have any.Īfter that, you can now open Google Play Store on your Huawei Nova 7i and download any apps you want. Step 9: After installing all the three files, go to the app drawer and launch Google Play Store. Step 8: Download Google Services Framework from HERE Step 7: Download Google Play Services from HERE. Step 6: Download Google Play Store from HERE. Step 5: You will see a notification “ this type of file can harm your device”. Step 4: Tap on the “ Security” and then tap on “ Enable Installation from Unknown Sources”. Also Read How to Connect / Mirror Samsung Galaxy M02 / M11 / M12 to TV ![]() "With an organic acid, it usually takes 10–12 hours, but this took only one." Conventional solutions using inorganic acid are also slower because they include water, which has a boiling point that limits the temperature of the reaction.This article was first published in January 2018.ĭespite many years have gone by after the compulsory segregation of waste started in KL, many condos and neighbourhoods have seen little real change in facilities for recycling. "We were surprised by how quickly the leaching happened in our solution," Bai said. The leaching performance of citric acid and ethylene glycol has been explored before, but that approach used more acid and a lower temperature, which proved less effective, Bai said. ![]() "We are glad this recycling process developed by our scientists can pave the way for greater recovery of battery critical materials," said Ilias Belharouak, corporate fellow and head of the ORNL's electrification section. We were not expecting that."Įliminating the need for extra chemicals reduces costs and avoids creating byproducts or secondary wastes. "It was exciting to find that the cobalt would precipitate and settle out without further interference. "This is the first time one solution system has covered the functions of both leaching and recovery," said lead researcher Lu Yu. Most importantly, it served a second function by recovering over 96% of the cobalt in a matter of hours without the typical addition of more chemicals in what is usually a tricky process of manually balancing acid levels. It also enabled efficient separation of the metal solution from other residues. The recycling technique developed there leached nearly 100% of the cobalt and lithium from the cathode without introducing impurities in the system. "Our approach could reduce the cost of batteries over time." The research was conducted in ORNL's Battery Manufacturing Facility, the country's largest open-access battery manufacturing research and development center. "Because the cathode contains the critical materials, it is the most expensive part of any battery, contributing more than 30% of the cost," said Yaocai Bai, a member of the ORNL battery research team. This green solution produced a strikingly efficient separation and recovery process for the metals from the positively charged electrode of the battery, called the cathode. Citric acid comes from sustainable sources and is much safer to handle than inorganic acids. ![]() The spent battery is soaked in a solution of organic citric acid-which occurs naturally in citrus fruits-dissolved in ethylene glycol, an antifreeze agent commonly used in consumer products like paint and makeup. This simple, efficient and environmentally-friendly solution developed by ORNL researchers overcomes the main obstacles presented by previous approaches. Their research is published in the journal Energy Storage Materials. Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have improved on approaches that dissolve the battery in a liquid solution in order to reduce the amount of hazardous chemicals used in the process. However, recovering metals such as cobalt and lithium could reduce pollution, reliance on foreign sources, and choked supply chains. It also requires complicated separation and precipitation to recover the critical metals. The conventional process recovers a few of the battery materials and relies on caustic, inorganic acids and hazardous chemicals that may introduce impurities. |
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